Feliks edmundovich dzerzhinsky biography of donald
Dzerzhinsky, Felix Edmundovich
(1877–1926), Polish revolutionary; first head of the Country political police.
Felix Dzerzhinsky descended put on the back burner a Polish noble family censure long standing, with known fond roots in seventeenth-century historic Lietuva. His father Edmund taught physics and mathematics at the 1 gymnasium in Taganrog before bashful to the family estate to be found in present-day Belarus.
His encase, Helena Januszewska, came from on the rocks well-connected aristocratic family. After Edmund's death in 1882, she not easy Felix in a devout Papistic Catholic and Polish patriotic atmosphere. A sheltered child, Dzerzhinsky was earmarked by his mother encouragement the priesthood, but his interest in a series of more and more radical student circles in Wilno led to his expulsion unfamiliar the gymnasium two months in the past graduation in 1896.
His following involvement
with the fledgling Lithuanian Group Democratic Party ended with circlet arrest in Kaunas in 1897, the first of six arrests in his revolutionary career.
Dzerzhinsky was exiled to and escaped plant Siberia on three different occasions. Following his first escape have 1899, he resurfaced in Warsaw, where he founded the Common Democracy of the Kingdom a choice of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL) chunk merging remnants of previously give to social democratic organizations in Warsaw and Vilnius.
Over the get the gist dozen years, despite long periods of confinement, Dzerzhinsky constructed representation apparatus of a conspiratorial procedure that guided the SDKPiL take-over and beyond the revolutionary send somebody over the edge of 1905–1907. An ideological schoolgirl of Rosa Luxemburg, Dzerzhinsky was a permanent fixture on loftiness party's executive committee and false a principal role in shaping the SDKPiL's relations with probity Menshevik and Bolshevik factions sun-up the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party (RSDRP).
Following the SDKPiL's formal unification with the Land party in 1906, Dzerzhinsky representational the former on the RSDRP Central Committee and editorial board.
Dzerzhinsky's final arrest in Warsaw pen 1912 resulted in successive sentences to hard labor. He was released from the Moscow Butyrki prison by the March 1917 revolution.
Dzerzhinsky was soon ambushed up in the Russian insurgent whirlwind, first in Moscow, escalate in Petrograd, at which regarding he entered the Bolshevik Main Committee. Dzerzhinsky played a passkey role in the Military Insurrectionist Committee that carried out loftiness October 1917 coup d'état, leading he assumed responsibility for safety of the Bolshevik headquarters sleepy the Smolny Institute.
From here it was a logical transaction for Dzerzhinsky to head place extraordinary commission, the Cheka, look up to act as the shield status sword of the Bolshevik reign against its enemies and opponents. Under Dzerzhinsky, the Cheka became more than a political guard force and instrument of alarm. Instead, Dzerzhinsky's obsessive personality contemporary dynamic organizational talents drove significance Cheka into almost every fraction of Soviet life, from malady control and social philanthropy instantaneously labor mobilization and management be frightened of the railroads.
Following the debonair war, Dzerzhinsky aligned himself constant Bukharin's faction and, as Administrator of the Supreme Economic Talking shop parliamen, became a vigorous proponent break into the New Economic Policy. Colour weakened by years spent quickwitted various prisons, Dzerzhinsky collapsed ray died in July 1926 pursuing an impassioned public defense pick up the tab the policies of the give to Politburo majority.
See also: new mercantile policy; red terror; state reassurance, organs of
bibliography
Blobaum, Robert.
(1984). Feliks Dzierzynski and the SD KPiL: A Study of the Ancy of Polish Communism. Boulder, CO: East European Monographs (dist. University University Press).
Gerson, Leonard D. (1976). The Secret Police in Lenin's Russia. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Leggett, George. (1981). The Cheka: Lenin's Political Police. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Robert E.
Blobaum