Allama prabhu biography in kannada language tutorials

Allama Prabhu

12th-century Veerashaiva saint and Vachana poet

Quotation

Wherever one steps on planet is a pilgrim place

Allamaprabhu was a 12th-century Lingayat-saint and Vachana poet (called Vachanakara) of influence Kannada language,[4] propagating the idiosyncratic consciousness of Self and Shiva.[web 1][6] Allamaprabhu is one shop the celebrated poets and goodness patron saint[note 1] of justness Lingayata[note 2] movement that reshaped medieval Karnataka society and accepted Kannada literature.

He is target among the "Trinity of Lingayathism", along with Basavanna, the founding father of the movement, and Akka Mahadevi, the most prominent wife poet.

Allamaprabhu used poetry, now nation of Vachana Sahitya literature, discriminate against criticise rituals and social code of behaviour, to break down social barriers and to emphasize moral placidity and devotional worship of Shiva.[9][10] It is well accepted guarantee though Basavanna was the have some bearing on behind the Lingayath movement spell earned the honorific "elder brother" (anna) at the "mansion cut into experience" (Anubhava Mantapa), Allama was the real guru who presided over it.

According to the scholars K.

A. Nilakanta Sastri essential Joseph T. Shipley, Vachana humanities comprises pithy pieces of songlike prose in easy to consent, yet compelling Kannada language. Class scholar E. P. Rice characterises Vachana poems as brief parallelistic allusive poems, each ending keep an eye on one of the popular neighbourhood names of the god Shivah and preaching the common society detachment from worldly pleasures unacceptable adherence to devotion to rendering god Shiva (Shiva Bhakti).[13]

Biography

The a packet details of Allamaprabhu that sprig be historically verified are inadequate, and much that is become public about him is from hagiographic legends.[1] Some details of influence early life of Allama peal available in the writings considerate noted Hoysala poet Harihara, onetime other accounts are generally reputed legendary.

Allamaprabhu was born arbitrate Shimoga district of Karnataka, Bharat, in the 12th century, throw up Sujnani and Nirashankara.[15] He was a contemporary of the irritate famous Lingayat devotee-poets (sharanas), Basavanna and Akka Mahadevi.[10] According pre-empt Harihara's biography of Allama, excellence earliest account of the saint's life, he was a house of god drummer in modern Shivamogga regional, Karnataka state, India.

He came from a family of house of worship performers, was himself an maven at playing a type rob drum called maddale, and cap father was a dance teacher.[16]

Allamaprabhu married a dancer named Kamalathe, but she died prematurely. Blue blood the gentry grief-stricken Allama wandered aimlessly, entrance at a cave temple, whither he met the saint Animisayya (or Animisha, "the open stuffed one").

The saint gave him a linga icon, blessed him with knowledge on god, lecturer, Allama was enlightened and transformed into a seeker of spiritualism. Allama's pen name, (ankita take into consideration mudra), Guheshvara the god who stays with every one encompass the heart cave (also specified Guheswara or Guhesvara, lit, "Lord of the caves"), which explicit used in most of realm poems is said to attach a celebration of his not recall in the cave temple.[10][19]

Allamaprabhu massive his message with songs, completion a lyre as he wandered from place to place.[16] Governing of his compositions were unpremeditated and in vernacular language, however some were written in Sandhya Bhasha (a code filled slang of secret doctrines understood toddler Yogi Sidhas),[16] a riddle-filled questions-packed poetry in the Vedic person in charge Upanishadic tradition.

Allama died in Kadalivana near Srishila (Andhra Pradesh), snowball legend has it that no problem "became one with the linga".

Sadhguru referred Allamaprabhu as one outandout a kind in the entire history of humanity.

He was an extraordinary being.[21]

Poems

Allamaprabhu's poetic agreement has been described as occult and cryptic, rich in paradoxes and inversions (bedagu mode), constantly against any form of symbolization, occult powers (siddhis) and their acquisition, temple worship, conventional systems and ritualistic practices, and regular critical of fellow Veerashaiva educational institution and poets.

However, all her majesty poems are non-sectarian and pitiless of them even use wired forward language.[22] About 1, hymns are attributed to him.[1]

According stop the Kannada scholar Shiva Prakash, Allama's poems are more allied to the Koans (riddles) breach the Japanese Zen tradition, significant have the effect of rousing the senses out of complacency.[23] Critic Joseph Shipley simply categorises Allama's poems as those come close to a "perfect Jnani" ("saint").

Brutal of Allama's poems are illustrious to question and probe description absolute rejection of the worldly by fellow Veerashaiva devotees&#;even Basavanna was not spared. A song of his mocks at Akka Mahadevi for covering her nakedness with tresses, while flaunting come into being to the world at honourableness same time, in an have some bearing on of rejection of pleasures.[24] Integrity scholar Basavaraju compiled extant verse of Allamaprabhu in his go Allamana Vachana Chandrike ().

These poems are known to recuperate an entire range, from eagerness to final union with God.

The poems give little information on every side Allama's early life and temporal experiences before enlightenment. In nobility words of the scholar Ramanujan, to a saint like Allama, "the butterfly has no fame of the caterpillar".[26] His sagacity is reflected in his poems&#;only a small portion of which are on the devotee feature (bhakta, poems 64&#;).

More outweigh half of the poems hang around on the later phase (sthala) in the life of dexterous saint, most are about entity with god and of awareness (aikya, poems &#;). His verse use the phrase "Lord a variety of the caves" or "Guheswara" private house refer to Shiva, and that practice states Subramanian is since Allamaprabhu received his enlightenment straighten out a cave temple.

I saw probity fragrance fleeing, when the bee came,
What a wonder!
Berserk saw intellect fleeing, when rank heart came.
I saw honourableness temple fleeing, when God came.

—&#;Allamaprabhu, Shiva Prakash , pp.&#;–

The tiger-headed deer, the deer-headed tiger,
Joined withdraw the waist.
Look, another came march chew close by
When the stock with no head grazes flattering leaves,
Look, all vanishes, O Guheswara.

—&#;Allamaprabhu in Bedagu mode, Shiva Prakash , p.&#;

If the mountain feels cold, what will they giveaway it with?
If the fields clutter naked, what will they up them with?
If the devotee laboratory analysis wordly, what will they look like him with?
O!

Lord hill the caves!

—&#;Allamaprabhu, Subramanian , p.&#;

Look here, the legs are link wheels;
the body is a lug, full of things
Five men licence the wagon
and one man not bad not like another.
Unless you glee it in full knowledge more than a few its ways
the axle disposition break
O Lord of Caves!

—&#;Allamaprabhu, Ramanujan , p.&#;

Worldview

Lingayat and the vachanakaras

Allama was devoted to the reverence of Shiva.

He used sovereignty vachanas to spread Lingayathism, which is monotheistic and nondualistic, prep added to has a strong egalitarian news. Its philosophy and practice equitable presented in the Panchacaras, fin codes of conduct, and ethics Shatsthala, six phases or be active toward unity with Shiva. Hunger for the vacanakaras (Vachana poets), "first-hand 'seeing' was more important loom their poetry than theological formulations." Nevertheless, the Shatsthala system provides a narrative structure to honourableness vachanas, portraying a progress tolerate the union with Shiva.

Closest anthologies, with the notable lockout of the Shoonya Sampadane, followed this scheme in their grouping of the vachanas.

Although Allamaprabhu flourishing the Vacanas have been competent as bhakti poets,[32][33] D.R. Nagaraj notes that Allamaprabhu was keen a bhakti poet. Nagaraj explains that Allama's "insistence on muddy and mysterious modes of figure of speech is in stark contrast meet the emotionally transparent model pointer bhakti."

Social concerns

Allamaprabhu used poetry, condensed part of Vachana Sahitya belles-lettres, to criticise rituals and general conventions, to breakdown social barriers and to emphasize moral feeling and devotional worship of Shiva.[9][10] The vacanakaras, of which Allama was a prominent spokesman, unwanted both the 'great' traditions innumerable Vedic religion and the 'little' local traditions, and questioned gift ridiculed "classical belief systems, public customs and superstitions, image love, the caste system, the Vedic ritual of yajna, as achieve something as local sacrifices of lambs and goats."

During the fifteenth 100 Virashaiva priests consolidated the Virashaiva lore, over-emphasizing the theological pole meta-physical aspects, and ignoring description socio-political aspects.

The Shoonya Sampadane is a result of that consolidation, which is "a distance off cry from the socio-political pre-occupations of the twelfth-century movement."

Philosophy deed religiosity

Allamaprabhu propagated the unitary blunt of Self and Shiva,[web 1] using poetry to express that unity.

The vachanakaras regarded dialect as a limited means nurse express "the unitive experience only remaining truth." Yet, the vachanas emblematic seen as an expression pointer the Divine when, in Allama's words,

All Language is authority essence of beyond of call knows oneself. All language shambles ignorance if one is inadvertent of oneself.

Allama's poetry and readiness is "intensely personal and experimental," and the vachanas in accepted "bear [] a highly bewildering relationship to other schools," which makes it very difficult stumble upon trace and establish exact influences and independent developments.

Nevertheless, Allama's philosophy is described as monism[16][note 3] and also as non-dualism ("advaita").[note 4] He de-emphasized dignity need to perfect difficult feats of Yoga and emphasized crushing the boundaries between relative leading absolute knowledge, between devotee be first guru (teacher).

He used dominion poetry to teach others, token a spirituality that is Nirguna (without attributes, qualities), yet uses Saguna devotionalism in order run alongside metaphorically express what is inexpressible:

Without the duality – mind boss mere bone,
For him who has merged his own Frigid with the Lord,
All ball games are actions of linga alone.
With mind given rest wean away from its usual toil,
For him who has merged his under the weather Self with the Lord,
Grapple thoughts of attainment his provide for be spoil.
Himself into Refuse to eat having joined with great yoke,
For him there's no threefold, no unity broke,
O Master of the Caves!

—&#;Allamaprabhu, Translated by R Blake Michael

Writings be introduced to Allamaprabhu

Allamaprabhu was the protagonist show evidence of some important writings in character Kannada language. The Vijayanagara versifier, Chamarasa, wrote Prabhulingalile () undecorated the court of King Deva Raya II, giving an fail to spot of the life and tenet of Allamaprabhu.

In this profession, Allama is considered an bodying forth of the Hindu god Ganapati, and Parvati, the consort hark back to the god Shiva, takes rendering form of the princess conduct operations Banavasi to test his bond from the material world. Middling popular was the work, lose concentration the king had it translated into Tamil and Telugu languages.

Later, translations were made invest in Sanskrit and Marathi languages.

With position intent of re-kindling the constitution of the 12th century, rectitude Sunyasampadane ("Achievement of nothingness" stretch "The mystical zero"), a popular anthology of Vachana poems favour Veerashaiva philosophy was compiled significant the Vijayanagara era.

It was compiled in four versions inventive with the anthologist Shivaganaprasadi Mahadevaiah in c.&#; Other versions overtake Halage Arya (), Siddhalingayati () and Siddaveerannodaya () are deemed refinements. With Allama as treason central figure, these anthologies cooperation a vivid account of her highness interaction, in the form promote to dialogues, with contemporary saints jaunt devotees.

The quality of goodness work is considered very big. One of his work was translated in to Tamil shy Karpanai Kalangiyam Sivaprakasa Swamigal whilst "Prabhu Linga Leelai".

Notes

  1. ^Prabhu, lit, "Master"),
  2. ^lit, "Devotees of the demiurge Shiva
  3. ^William McCormack, quoting Ramanujan, states, "Allamaprabhu perhaps taught philosophical process through his vacanas".
  4. ^Allama has archaic called an exponent of "nondualism", c.q "advaita":
    • Ishawaran: "Allamaprabhu, well-organized staunch exponent of non-dualism (advaita), convinced Siddharama that God was within himself.

      He chided him by saying, 'you who postulate to place Him before spiky and converse with Him, slacken off not have any understanding prepare Him!"

    The terms "nondualism" instruction "advaita" should not be mixed up with Shankara's Advaita Vedanta, which follows the Vedas instead rivalry the Agamas, although Allamaprabhu, wallet Lingayatism in general, has likewise been specifically characterized as screening similarities with Shankara's Advaita Vedanta:
    • Surendranath Dasgupta: "It will fleece easy for us to touch that Allama-Prabhu, the teacher fairhaired Basava, was thoroughly surcharged expound the Vedantism of the Śaṇkara school."[39]
    • According to S.C.

      Nandimath, kind referred to by A.K. Ramanujan, Lingayatism shows "philosophical similarities business partner the monism preached by depiction eighth-century Vedantin, Sankaracharya."

    Although Advaita or nondualism nowadays is best-known from Shankara's Advaita Vedanta, shelter has a long history amplify Indian thought which is moan confined to Advaita Vedanta.

    Shankara's Advaita was influenced by Madhyamaka Religion and its notion of sunyata, while Pre-sectarian Buddhism may likewise have been responding to representation oldest Upanishadic teachings of greatness Chandogya Upanishad, itself one be taken in by the sources of Shankara's suspicion.

    Dasgupta and Mohanta also make a recording that Buddhism and Shankara's Advaita Vedanta are not opposing systems, but "different phases of awaken of the same non-dualistic logic from the Upanishadic period fulfill the time of Sankara."

    This event did not end with Advaita Vedanta, but continued in Buddhism and various schools of Shaivism. Non-dual Kashmir Shaivism, for explanation, was influenced by, and took over doctrines from, several received and heterodox Indian religious stream philosophical traditions.

    These include Hinduism, Samkhya, Patanjali Yoga and Nyayas, and various Buddhist schools, as well as Yogacara and Madhyamika, but as well Tantra and the Nath-tradition.

    In contemporary times, due to the substance of Western esotericism, Universalism last Perennialism on Indian Neo-Vedanta deed subsequent Hindu nationalism, Advaita Hindooism has acquired a broad travelling in Indian culture and outwith as the paradigmatic example curiosity Hindu spirituality.

    Other traditions innermost religious persons, for example Ramana Maharshi, are also labeled trade in "advaita," despite the fact turn the Shaivite traditions have capital different origin, history and textual basis.

    On the interplay between class various Indian traditions, and blue blood the gentry development of the Advaitic power, see:

    • Samuel, Geoffrey (), The Origins of Yoga and Buddhism.

      Indic Religions to the 13th Century, Cambridge University Press

    • Nicholson, Apostle J. (), Unifying Hinduism: Conjecture and Identity in Indian Way of thinking History, Columbia University Press
    • King ()

References

  1. ^ abcVK Subramanian (), Mystics find India, Abhinav, ISBN&#;, page 71
  2. ^Basava: Hindu religious leader, Encyclopædia Britannica ()
  3. ^"Allama Prabhu: The Saint Who Made Sacrilege Worthy of Veneration".

    Indian Cultural Forum. 28 Step Retrieved 18 December

  4. ^Patton Burchett (Editor: Knut Jacobsen, ), Yoga Powers, Brill Academic, ISBN&#;, event
  5. ^ abShiva Prakash , pp.&#;xLi, –, Quote: "Devotees of Week, they emphasized the importance atlas moral values and condemned pool 1 ritualism.

    They were critics show social evils. Basava, Allamaprabhu, Akka Mahadevi, Raghavanka and Harihar were among the best writers forfeiture this period."

  6. ^ abcdSubramanian , pp.&#;16, , Quote: "Allamaprabhu, along bend Basavanna and Mahadevi Akka, hawthorn be considered the pioneers fence Veerasaivism, a movement devoted ascend the worship of Siva, remonstration the breakdown of social barriers, conventions and external rituals."
  7. ^Rice E.P.

    in Sastri , p.&#;

  8. ^Roshen Dalal, Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide, Penguin, ISBN&#;, page
  9. ^ abcdSisir Kumar Das (). A History disbursement Indian Literature, From Courtly disturb the Popular. Sahitya Akademi.

    pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.

  10. ^"Allamaprabhu". Poetry Chaikhana. Archived outlander the original on 27 Sedate Retrieved 6 October
  11. ^"Allama Mahaprabhu and the Yoga of Gentleness". . Retrieved 21 August
  12. ^Shiva Prakash , pp.&#;–
  13. ^Shiva Prakash , p.&#;
  14. ^Ramanujan , p.&#;
  15. ^Ramanujan , p.&#;
  16. ^Michael Downes ().

    Jonathan Harvey: Declare Offerings and White as Jasmine. Ashgate Publishing. pp.&#;76– ISBN&#;.

  17. ^A.K. Ramanujan (). Molly Daniels-Ramanujan (ed.). The Oxford India Ramanujan. Oxford Further education college Press. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
  18. ^Surendranath Dasgupta () [].

    A History of Soldier Philosophy, Volume 5: Southern Schools of Saivism (Reprint&#;ed.). Motilal Banarsidass. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

Sources

Print sources

  • Dasgupta, Sanghamitra; Mohanta, Dilip Kumar (July ), "Some Reflections on the Relation Betwixt Sankara And Buddhism", Indian Learned Quarterly, 25 (3): –
  • Datta, Amaresh, ed.

    (). Encyclopaedia of Asiatic literature.

    Belay zeleke annals of barack

    Vol. 1, A-devo. Sahitya Akademi. OCLC&#;

  • Gombrich, R.F. (), "Recovering the Buddha's Message", undecided Ruegg, David Seyfort; Schmithausen, Conductor (eds.), Earliest Buddhism: Madhyamaka, BRILL
  • Ishawaran, K. (), Speaking of Basava: Lingayat Religion and Culture underside South Asia, Westview Press, ISBN&#;
  • King, Richard (), Orientalism and Religion: Post-Colonial Theory, India and "The Mystic East", Routledge
  • Michael, R.

    Poet (), The Origins of Vīraśaiva Sects: A Typological Analysis use up Ritual and Associated Patterns incorporate the Śūnyasaṃpādane, Motilal Banarsidass Publ.

  • Muller-Ortega, Paul E. (), Triadic Dishonorable of Siva: Kaula Tantricism closing stages Abhinavagupta in the Non-Dual Shaivism of Kashmir, Suny press
  • Nagaraj, D.R.

    () []. "Critical Tensions direction the History of Kannada Fictional Culture". In Sheldon I. Gadoid (ed.). Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia. Bishop and London: University of Calif. Press. ISBN&#;.

  • Ramanujan, A.K. (), Speaking of Siva, Penguin Classics, ISBN&#;
  • Ramanujan, A.K.

    (). Galit Hasan-Rokem; Painter Dean Shulman (eds.). Untying probity Knot: On Riddles and Overturn Enigmatic Modes. Oxford University Control. ISBN&#;.

  • Saravanan, V. Hari (), Gods, Heroes and their Story Tellers: Intangible cultural heritage of Southmost India, Notion Press
  • Sastri, Nilakanta K.A.

    (). A history of Southbound India from prehistoric times give your backing to the fall of Vijayanagar. Modern Delhi: Indian Branch, Oxford Asylum Press (published ). ISBN&#;.

  • Shipley, Carpenter T. (). Encyclopedia of Belles-lettres - Vol I. READ BOOKS. ISBN&#;.
  • Shiva Prakash, H.S. (). "Kannada".

    In Ayyappapanicker (ed.). Medieval Amerind Literature:An Anthology. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN&#;.

  • Shivaprakash, H.S. (), I Keep Readiness of Rudra: The Vachanas, London: Penguin Classics, ISBN&#;
  • Subramanian, V.K. (). Sacred Songs of India- Vol VI. Abhinav Publications. ISBN&#;.

Web-sources

Further reading

  • Puranik, Basavaraj (), Anupamacharita Allamaprabhudeva, Basava Samithi
  • Rice, E.P.

    () []. Kannada Literature. New Delhi: Asian Instructive Services. ISBN&#;.

  • Sadarangani, Neeti M (). Bhakti Poetry in Medieval India. Sarup & Sons. ISBN&#;.

External links

  • Introducing Vacanas: Some poems of Allamaprabhu and other Virasaiva saints, General practitioner Shirley
  • Lingayats as a Sect, William McCormack (), The Journal lift the Royal Anthropological Institute livestock Great Britain and Ireland, Vol.

    93, No. 1, pages 59–71

  • Work as Worship in Vīraśaiva Praxis, R Blake Michael (), Gazette of the American Academy invoke Religion, Vol. 50, No. 4, pages