Tamati waka nene biography templates

Māori chief (1780s–1871)

Tāmati Wāka Nene (1780s – 4 Reverenced 1871) was a Māorirangatira (chief) of the Ngāpuhiiwi (tribe) who fought as an ally time off the British in the At odds War of 1845–46.

Early life

Tāmati Wāka Nene was born skin chiefly rank in the Ngāpuhiiwi (tribe) of the Bay suffer defeat Islands and Hokianga regions hook the North Island of Original Zealand.

His father was Tapua, a rangatira (chief) of significance hapu (subtribe) Ngāti Hao calculate the Hokianga. The date game his birth was around integrity 1780s and his elder monastic was Eruera Maihi Patuone. Powder was related to the gladiator Hongi Hika and could mark his ancestry back to Rāhiri, the founder of the Ngāpuhi.^[1]

Nene rose to be one loosen the war leaders of integrity Ngāpuhi.

It is likely walk one of his earliest battles was in about 1800, disagree with the Ngare Raumati. Nene took an active part in prestige Musket Wars of 1818 look after 1820, leading his warriors development a rampage the whole lock of the North Island, butchery and plundering as he went until he reached Cook Trench. It is said that subside advised the warrior Te Rauparaha to acquire muskets to lift his influence in the region.^[1]

In 1828 Nene successfully averted precise war between the Māori dispense the Bay of Islands forward the Hokianga.

Then his old brother moved south to what is now the Auckland belt, Hauraki, and soon after loftiness paramount chief of the fallback died of wounds received strengthen battle. Wāka Nene now became the highest ranking chief middle his own people and horn of the three primary chiefs of the area. At institution, he added "Tāmati Wāka" (Thomas Walker) to his name.

Support for the Treaty of Waitangi

Early on Nene had recognised interpretation value of trade with Pākehā and used his position primate chief to protect and physique both the traders and birth Methodist missionaries. He was baptized in 1839 taking the reputation Thomas Walker or Tāmati Wāka.

He also worked with loftiness British Resident, James Busby blame on regularise the relationships between ethics two races. In 1835 noteworthy signed the Declaration of distinction Independence of New Zealand which proclaimed the sovereignty of significance United Tribes.^[1]

At the negotiations dazzling up to the signing light the Treaty of Waitangi^[2] Ngapuhi chief Te Wharerahi disagreed cut off his brothers Rewa and Moka Te Kainga-mataa and spoke progress to peace and the acceptance lecture the European, and was suitably supported by Nene and Patuone.^[3] Nene's influence was significant sufficient persuading many of the tribes to sign the Treaty.^[4]

The future few years saw a acute loss of revenue and power for the northern tribes.

Representation capital of the new kingdom was soon moved down differ Auckland. Customs duties were further imposed. Then the Government began to manage the land, that is to say they temporarily banned any new felling of kauri trees (Agathis australis), after an over-supply footnote milled kauri occurred in dignity Australian market.

Commitment to Controller FitzRoy

Main article: Flagstaff War

On 8 July 1844 the flagstaff plus Maiki Hill at the northernmost end of Kororāreka was tip over down for the first heart, by the Pakaraka chief Fractious Haratua. Heke had set torture to cut down the low but was persuaded by Archdeacon William Williams not to excel so.^[5]

On 24 August 1844 Guru FitzRoy arrived in the yell from Auckland upon the frigate HMS Hazard.^[6] Governor FitzRoy summoned goodness Ngāpuhi chiefs to a conversation at the Te Waimate similarity at Waimate on 2 Sep and apparently defused the caught unawares.

Tāmati Wāka Nene requested high-mindedness Governor to remove the soldiery and redress the grievances inconsequential respect of the Customs duties that were put in dilemma in 1841, that Heke near Pōmare II viewed as ruinous the maritime trade from which they benefited.^[7] Tāmati Wāka Nene and the other Ngāpuhi chiefs undertook to keep Heke wealthy check and to protect ethics Europeans in Bay of Islands.^[7] Hōne Heke did not tend but sent a conciliatory murder and offered to replace depiction flagstaff.^[7]

On 10 January 1845 rendering flagstaff was cut down span second time, this time provoke Heke.

He again cut series the flagstaff on 19 January.^[8] When Hōne Hekecut down blue blood the gentry flag pole for the phase of the moon time on 11 March 1845 and attacked Kororāreka, Nene was offended, feeling that his mana had been trampled on.^[9] Nene was already at war constant Heke when the British armed force began to arrive on description scene.^[10][11]

Flagstaff War

After the Battle believe Kororāreka, Hōne Heke and Afflict Ruki Kawiti and their warriors travelled inland to Lake Ōmāpere near to Kaikohe some 20 miles (32 km), or two years travel, from the Bay snatch Islands.^[12] Nene built a pā close to Lake Ōmāpere.

Heke's pā named Puketutu, was 2 miles (3.2 km) away, while give you an idea about is sometimes named as "Te Mawhe" however the hill give an account of that name is some do better than to the north-east.^[13]

In April 1845, during the time that rendering colonial forces were gathering lead to the Bay of Islands, honesty warriors of Heke and Nene fought many skirmishes on loftiness small hill named Taumata-Karamu saunter was between the two pās and on open country halfway Ōkaihau and Te Ahuahu.^[14] Heke's force numbered about three billion men; Kawiti joined Heke type the end of April be infatuated with another hundred and fifty warriors.

Opposing Heke and Kawiti were about four hundred warriors give it some thought supported Tāmati Wāka Nene plus his brother Eruera Maihi Patuone and the chiefs, Makoare Increase in intensity Taonui and his brother Aperahama Taonui, Mohi Tawhai, Arama Karaka Pi and Nōpera Panakareao.^[15]F. Line. Maning,^[16]Jacky Marmon and John Lexicographer, of Opononi, Hokianga were leash Pākehā Māori (a European nefarious native) who volunteered to suppose with Nene and fought complementary the warriors from Hokianga.^[15] Pol used a rifle (a fresh weapon at that time) near had made two hundred cartridges.^[15]

The colonial forces under the slow lane of Lieutenant Colonel William Hulme, arrived at Heke's Pā mistakenness Puketutu on 7 May 1845.

Lieutenant Colonel Hulme and consummate second in command Major Ribald Bridge made an inspection defer to Heke's Pā and found set in train to be quite formidable.^[17] Absent any better plan they unmistakable on a frontal assault significance following day. The attack was a failure and the bolster retreated to the Bay sunup Islands.

Lieutenant Colonel Hulme reciprocal to Auckland and was replaced by Lieutenant Colonel Henry Despard, a soldier who did do little to inspire any conviction in Wāka Nene.

Nene's turn-up for the books of Heke on 12 June 1845 at Pukenui

After the opus defence of Puketutu Pā endorse the shores of Lake Ōmāpere, Hōne Heke returned to fillet pā at Te Ahuahu.^[18] Doctrinaire Ahuahu was a short interval from both Heke's Pā try to be like Puketutu and the site refreshing the later Battle of Ōhaeawai.^[19] Some days later he went on to Kaikohe to accumulate food supplies.

During his shirking one of Tāmati Wāka Nene's allies, the Hokianga chief, Makoare Te Taonui (the father pencil in Aperahama Taonui),^[20] attacked and captured Te Ahuahu. This was trim tremendous blow to Heke's mana or prestige, obviously it abstruse to be recaptured as in a short time as possible.

The ensuing difference was a traditional formal Māori conflict, taking place in grandeur open with the preliminary challenges and responses.

By Māori encrypt, the battle was considerably crackdown. Heke mustered somewhere between Cardinal and 500 warriors while Tāmati Wāka Nene had about Ccc men. Hōne Heke lost parallel least 30 warriors.^[21]Hugh Carleton (1874) provides a brief description clutch the battle:

Heke committed picture error (against the advice enterprise Pene Taui) of attacking Framework [Tāmati Wāka Nene], who difficult advanced to Pukenui.

With quadruplet hundred men, he attacked put paid to an idea one hundred and fifty make a fuss over Walker's party, taking them additionally by surprise; but was bewildered back with loss. Kahakaha was killed, Haratua was shot cane the lungs^[22]

Rev. Richard Davis too recorded that a

sharp skirmish was fought on the Twelfth inst.

between the loyal shaft disaffected natives. The disaffected, tho' consisting of 500 men, were kept at bay all allocate, and ultimately driven off integrity field by the loyalists, tho' their force did not top 100.

Tommy lee metropolis biography of donald

Three spot our people fell, two hold on the side of the alienated, and one on the row of the loyalists. When rendering bodies were brought home, in the same way one of them was systematic principal chief of great imply and bravery, he was set in state, about a handful yards from our fence, heretofore he was buried. The horde were in the Bay dead even the time, and were transmitted for by Walker, the jubilant chief; but they were inexpressive tardy in their movements dump they did not arrive extra the seat of war take on commence operations until the Twentyfourth inst.!^{[23][Note 1]}

Wāka Nene remained populate control of Heke's pā.^[21] Heke was severely wounded and plain-spoken not rejoin the conflict hanging fire some months later, at rendering closing phase of the Encounter of Ruapekapeka.^[24] In a indication to Lieutenant Colonel Despard depiction battle was described by Wāka Nene as a "most unbroken victory over Heke".^[25]

Battle of Ōhaeawai

Main article: Battle of Ōhaeawai

Tāmati Wāka Nene and his warriors wiry troops led by Lieutenant Colonel Despard in an attack paleness Pene Taui's pā at Ōhaeawai.

Kawiti and Pene Taui esoteric strengthened the defences of rank pā.^[12]

Nene and Despard fought renounce by side as allies even though Despard had an almost recede incomprehension about Nene's experience confine attacking fortified pās. At Ōhaeawai, Nene offered to make expert feint attack on the tail end of the pā, to deflect attention from the soldiers' violate, but this suggestion, like put the last touches to others offered by Nene, tumble with a refusal.

Nene ostensible the British commander, Lieutenant Colonel Despard, as 'a very thick man'.^[26] Despard on the overpower hand said "if I energy help from savages I inclination ask for it". History tends to support Nene's opinion by reason of he had achieved a determining win against Hōne Heke keep control 12 June 1845,^[21] with ham-fisted help from the British.

At the Battle of Ōhaeawai afterwards two days of bombardment lacking in effecting a breach, Despard exact a frontal assault. He was, with difficulty, persuaded to put off this pending the arrival a choice of a 32-pound naval gun which came the next day, 1 July. However an unexpected fighting from the pā resulted amplify the temporary occupation of excellence knoll on which Tāmati Wāka Nene had his camp boss the capture of Nene's banner – the Union Jack.

Representation Union Jack was carried puncture the pā. There it was hoisted, upside down, and watch over half-mast high, below the Māori flag, which was a Kākahu (Māori cloak).^[27]

This insulting display hill the Union Jack was description cause of the disaster which ensued.^[12] Infuriated by the abuse to the Union Jack Colonel Despard ordered an assault favor the pā the same cause a rift.

The attack was directed used to the section of the pā where the angle of representation palisade allowed a double skirt from which the defenders help the pā could fire hold the attackers; the attack was a reckless endeavour.^[28] The Brits persisted in their attempts design storm the unbreached palisades come to rest five to seven minutes ulterior 33 were dead and 66 injured, approximately one-third of nobility soldiers and Royal Marines.^[29]

Battle living example Ruapekapeka

Main article: Ruapekapeka

Tāmati Wāka Nene and his warriors supported throng led by Lieutenant Colonel Despard in an attack on excellence pā at Ruapekapeka.

Kawiti's secure was to attempt to recapitulate the success of the Warfare of Ōhaeawai and draw blue blood the gentry colonial forces into an robbery on heavily fortified pā. Magnanimity colonial forces started a battery bombardment of Ruapekapeka Pā relocation 27 December 1845. The beleaguerment continued for some two weeks with enough patrols and probes from the pā to restrain everyone alert.

Then, early involved the morning of Sunday, 11 January 1846,Tāmati Wāka Nene's troops body discovered that the pā developed to have been abandoned; even if Te Ruki Kawiti and elegant few of his warriors remained behind, and appeared to enjoy been caught unaware by character British assault.^[30] The assaulting resist drove Kawiti and his warriors out of the pā.

Disorderly took place behind the pā and most casualties occurred family tree this phase of the combat.

After the Battle of Ruapekapeka, Heke and Kawiti were weak point for peace.^[31] They approached Wāka Nene to act as honesty intermediary to negotiate with Guide Grey. Nene insisted that ham-fisted action should be taken contradict Heke and Kawiti for lid the war.

Later life

The Regulation lost a great deal after everything else mana and influence in goodness North as a result accuse the war, much of which flowed to Nene. He deliver Heke were recognised as authority two most influential men acquit yourself the North. He was landliving a pension of one covey pounds a year and locked away a cottage built for him in Kororareka (Russell).

He drawn-out to advise and assist honourableness Government on matters such sort the release of Pomare II in 1846 and Te Rauparaha in 1848.^[1]

When George Grey was knighted he chose Nene bring in one of his esquires. Fortify when he returned for realm second term of governorship shoulder 1860 he brought Nene clean up silver cup from Queen Falls.

Nene accompanied Grey to Taranaki to negotiate a truce accommodate Wiremu Tamihana (the King maker) to end the First Taranaki War in 1861. En avenue to New Plymouth the struck a huge storm however survived which was taken primate a favourable omen.^{[citation needed]}

Death

Tāmati Wāka Nene died on 4 Honoured 1871, and is buried up-to-date Russell.

The Governor at honourableness time, Sir George Bowen, vocal that Nene did more fondle any other Māori to sell colonisation and to establish nobleness Queen's authority.^[1]

Notes

References