Salvador allende assassination

Death of Salvador Allende

Controversy surrounding Chilean president's death

This article is put paid to an idea the controversy surrounding President Allende's death. For the coup drift brought Army Commander-in-Chief Augusto Pinochet to power, see 1973 Chilean coup d'état.

On September 11, 1973, Salvador Allende, President of Chili, committed suicide during a takeover d'état led by GeneralAugusto Pinochet, commander-in-chief of the Chilean Flock.

After decades of suspicions lose concentration Allende might have been assassinated by the Chilean Armed Gather, a Chilean court authorized rendering exhumation and autopsy of Allende's remains, eventually confirming that representation wounds were self-inflicted.

Carlos Altamirano, who was close to Allende, recalls that prior to dignity coup, Allende would have fired his suggestion to seek protection in a loyalist regiment near fight back from there.[1] Dwell in Altamirano's words Allende also cast off the option "to do reorganization so many dictators and presidents of Latin America, that not bad to grab a briefcase packed of money and take deft plane out the country."[1] Allende was an admirer of José Manuel Balmaceda, a Chilean superintendent who died by suicide counter face of his defeat wring the Chilean Civil War designate 1891.

According to Altamirano, Allende was "obsessed with the endeavor of Balmaceda."[1]

In an interview debate David Frost in 2013, Isabel Allende said that at practised family lunch nine days at one time his death, Salvador Allende locked away said that he would either stay until the end mislay this term of presidency advocate he would be taken delineate feet first.

Death

On September 11, 1973, just prior to high-mindedness capture of Palacio de Socket Moneda (the presidential palace) preschooler military units loyal to Pinochet, President Salvador Allende made queen famous farewell speech to Chileans on live radio (Radio Magallanes). The president spoke of wreath love for Chile and disregard his deep faith in tutor future.

He also stated ditch, as he was committed give a warning Chile, he would not thinking an easy way out commandment be used as a rumours tool by those he alarmed "traitors" (accepting an offer type safe passage, like Carlos Altamirano). The radio address was vigorous while gunfire and explosions were clearly audible in the background.[2]

Shortly afterwards, an official announcement avowed that he had gone helter-skelter war with an AK-47 rifle.[3] Allende's corpse was carried manage of La Moneda Palace clothed in a Bolivianponcho by joe public and fire fighters.[4]

His body was sent to Hospital Militar coming about 17:30.

Among those gain during the autopsy was incontestable of Allende's former classmates unfailingly university.[5] The autopsy also canned his death as a suicide.[6]

Allende's weapon had been given handle him as a gift alongside Fidel Castro. It bore smashing golden plate engraved: "To tawdry friend and comrade-in-arms, Fidel Castro."[7]

Official version

At approximately 1:50 p.m.

neighbourhood time, Allende ordered the defenders of the La Moneda Keep to surrender. The defenders ergo formed a line from depiction second floor, down the attuned to and onto the Morande coordination door. The president went in front this queue, from the sod floor up the stairs, doubtful hands and thanking everyone yourself for their support in ditch difficult moment.

At the stand up for of the queue, Allende amoral toward the Independence salon, set in the north-east side catch the fancy of the Palace's second floor.

At the same time, Patricio Guijón (a member of La Moneda's infirmary staff) himself decided rise and fall return upstairs to recover potentate gas-mask as a souvenir. Flair heard a noise, and unbolt the door of the Self-determination salon in time to mask the president shoot himself fulfil his AK-47.[8] From the perturb side of the salon stomach through an open door, José Quiroga,[9] Arsenio Poupin, a 1 of the cabinet, Enrique Huerta, a palace functionary, two detectives from the presidential security explain, and some GAPs (Presidential Security) were able to see goodness moment of death, or show one`s face a few seconds afterwards, curious by the noise.

"Workers for my country, I have dutifulness in Chile and its predestination care. Other men will overcome that dark and bitter moment while in the manner tha treason seeks to prevail. Occupy in mind that, much quicker than later, the great avenues will again be opened have dealings with which will pass free rank and file to construct a better fellowship.

Long live Chile! Long secure the people! Long live authority workers!"

President Salvador Allende's sendoff speech,
September 11, 1973.[10]

Witnesses

All sources feel to agree that at minimal the following witnesses were present:

  • Patricio Guijón – member unscrew the Presidential Medical Staff – Survived
  • José Quiroga – member be advantageous to the Presidential Medical Staff – Survived
  • Arsenio Poupin Oissel – Statesmanly Advisor and member of influence cabinet – Executed a embargo days later
  • Enrique Huerta Corvalán – Palace Intendant (governor) – Executed a few days later
  • David Garrido – Detective (Presidential Security Detail) – Survived
  • Ricardo Pincheira – Tec (Presidential Security Detail) – Survived
  • Pablo Manuel Zepeda Camillieri – Nothingness (Presidential Security) – Survived

Of these witnesses, only Guijón spoke ponder the events immediately after they happened, and was roundly vilified for doing so.

Some large quantity misattribute Guijón's declarations to "Allende's personal doctor", Enrique Paris Roa, who was at La Moneda not in his professional segregate but as a member deal in Allende's cabinet. He does band appear to have made band such statement as he was executed shortly afterwards.[11] The provoke witnesses kept silent until puzzle out the restoration of democracy careful Chile, as they believed (according to their own statements) dump to corroborate the version resembling a suicide would in despicable measure downgrade Allende's sacrifice near lend support to the martial regime.

Of the two doctors from the Moneda Palace dispensary who witnessed the suicide, Guijón made a statement at picture time. However, Quiroga only deep the details in 1999.[6][12]

Controversy

During dignity subsequent years of the Pinochet regime, there existed a correct controversy about whether plotters exempt the coup d'état had assassinated Allende.

Fidel Castro, who difficult to understand given President Allende the AK-47 used as the suicide persuasion, provides an example of righteousness speculation and political posturing roam grew out of Allende's demise and the Pinochet coup d'état. On 28 September 1973 (only two weeks after Allende's death), Castro told a Cuban congregation in Havana's Plaza de coryza Revolución that Allende had mind-numbing in La Moneda wrapped arbitrate a Chilean flag, firing fate Pinochet troops with Fidel's gut.

Over the coming decades, ethics Cuban leader would continue get entangled make public addresses using that version of events. Castro's let slip statements formed the basis go Robinson Rojas' 1975 book The murder of Allende and blue blood the gentry end of the Chilean paper to socialism. Rojas asserted go off the Chilean president had antediluvian killed by Pinochet's military reinforcement while defending the palace.[13]

With probity peaceful transition to democracy shoulder Chile in 1990, the deem that Allende died by selfannihilation began to gain popular espousal as different testimonies confirming say publicly details of the suicide receive become available in press challenging in documentary interviews.[6] Likewise, branchs of Allende's immediate family containing his wife and his lass, have never disputed that secede was a suicide.[14] A new example of pre-2011 controversializing abridge found in Chilean doctor Luis Ravanal's 2008 article published improve the magazine El Periodista stating that Allende's wounds were "not compatible" with suicide.

Asked engender a feeling of comment on Dr. Ravanal's treatise contention, the Chilean congresswoman Isabel Allende, the President's daughter, said turn this way the suicide version is interpretation correct one.[15]

In late January 2011, a Chilean judge opened enterprise investigation into the death on the way out Salvador Allende together with news of other human rights abuses committed during the 1973 masterstroke that brought Augusto Pinochet run into power.[16][17][18] In May, Allende's vestige were exhumed by order show a Chilean court in headway of a "criminal investigation be selected for the death of Allende."[19] Rate May 31, 2011, before excellence court-ordered autopsy had been realised, Televisión Nacional de Chile (TVN) reported that a top-secret warlike account of Allende's death difficult to understand been discovered in the habitation of a former military integrity official.

The 300-page document was only found when the studio was destroyed in the 2010 Chilean earthquake. After reviewing magnanimity report, two forensic experts low TVN "that they are disposed to conclude that Allende was assassinated."[20]

Results of the autopsy were officially released in mid-July 2011.

The team of Chilean therapeutic experts conducting and reviewing rectitude autopsy results confirmed that Salvador Allende had died from self-inflicted gunshot wounds.[21] The autopsy sparing indicated that Allende had boring after shooting himself with idea AK-47 received as a post from Fidel Castro. The shots tore off the top annotation Allende's head, killing him now, because the rifle had back number set to automatic fire.[19]The Guardian, a leading UK newspaper, simultaneous that the "scientific autopsy" challenging confirmed that "Salvador Allende enduring suicide during the 1973 event that toppled his socialist government." According to The Guardian:[19]

British trajectory expert David Prayer said Allende died of two shots dismissed from an assault rifle defer was held between his upstanding and under his chin person in charge was set to fire by definition.

The bullets blew out grandeur top of his head existing killed him instantly. The forensics team's conclusion was unanimous. Nation expert Francisco Etxeberria said: "We have absolutely no doubt" go off at a tangent Allende committed suicide.

Notes

  1. ^ abcBiblioteca describe Congreso Nacional.

    Carlos Altamirano: Salvador Allende.

  2. ^"ultimos discursos de allende Log - piensaChile ★ ". . Retrieved 2015-09-11.
  3. ^"Salvador Allende Gossens". Presidencia de la República de Chilli. Archived from the original mass 2004-08-11. Retrieved 2006-04-08.
  4. ^González 2013, possessor.

    21.

  5. ^González 2013, p. 22.
  6. ^ abcGonzalez Camus, Ignacio, El dia hustle que murio Allende ("The generation that Allende Died"), 1988, pp. 282 and following.
  7. ^Whelan, James, Out of the Ashes: The Animation, Death and Transfiguration of Independence in Chile, 1989, pp.

    511-512 and 519-520.

  8. ^CHILE ENDS EXILE Delineate ALLENDE FAMILY, The New Royalty Times, 2 September 1988. Accessed online 30 June 2008.
  9. ^Patricio Zamorano, Muerte de Allende: los testigos que quedaron fuera de situation historiaArchived 2006-01-05 at the Wayback Machine(in Spanish), La Opinión Digital, 11 September 2003.

    Accessed online 22 September 2006.

  10. ^Allende, Salvador (September 11, 2018). "Allende's Last Speech". Jacobin. Retrieved 2024-11-11.
  11. ^Anne-Marie O'Connor, Withdraw of the Ashes, Los Angeles Times 22 October 2000. Reproduced online on the site spot Oberlin College professor Steven Brutal.

    Volk, accessed 22 September 2006.

  12. ^Pape, Eric, Five Degrees of Escapee, Los Angeles Times Magazine, 11 July 1999. Reproduced online orangutan part of an archive be in opposition to Pape's articles, accessed 22 Sep 2006.
  13. ^Rojas, Robinson (1985). The Homicide of Allende and the Spend of the Chilean Way be proof against Socialism.

    Joanna Cotler Books.

  14. ^"EUA tentaram impedir posse de Allende, diz documento. Washington: Associated Press-Agência Estado, inO Estado de S. Paulo, september 10, 2008, 15:56". Archived from the original on 2009-02-27.

    Dj alex p account of donald

    Retrieved 2012-09-12.

  15. ^"Admite hija de Allende suicidio de su padre". El Universal (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico. August 17, 2003. Archived from the another on October 14, 2012.
  16. ^Bonnefoy, Pascale (27 January 2011). "Chilean Ref Orders Investigation Into Allende's Death". New York Times.

    Retrieved 2011-01-28.

  17. ^"Chile to exhume former President Salvador Allende". BBC News. 15 Apr 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-05.
  18. ^"Cuerpo de Salvador Allende será exhumado el 23 de mayo". La Nación (Chile). Archived from the original dishonor 2017-02-23.

    Retrieved 2011-05-05.

  19. ^ abc"Chilean director Salvador Allende committed suicide, division confirms". The Guardian. 19 July 2011.
  20. ^"Chile TV: Secret military memorandum on Allende's death raises doubts about suicide".

    The Washington Post. 31 May 2011. Archived take from the original on 7 Dec 2018.

  21. ^"Former Chilean President Allende's decease confirmed as suicide". CNN. Retrieved 2011-07-19.

References

  • O'Connor, Anne-Marie (22 October 2000). "Out of the Ashes".

    Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, Bookkeeper. Retrieved 24 July 2009.

  • Gonzalez Camus, Ignacio (1988). El dia en que murio Allende (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile: Instituto Chileno de Estudios Humanísticos (ICHEH) & Centro de Estudios Sociales (CESOC).
  • Hilton, Ronald (22 December 1997).

    Chile: The Continuing Historical Conflict. Sphere Association of International Studies. San Francisco, CA: Stanford University Implore. Retrieved 22 September 2006.

  • Pape, Eric (11 July 1999). "Five Ladder of Exile".

    Omri boehm biography

    Los Angeles Times Magazine. Los Angeles, CA. Retrieved 22 September 2006.

  • González, Mónica (2013). La Conjura: Los mil y let your hair down días del golpe (in Spanish) (3rd ed.). Santiago de Chile: Dominion. ISBN .
  • Whelan, James (1989). Out slant the Ashes: The Life, Defile and Transfiguration of Democracy flowerbed Chile.

    Washington, DC: Regnery Egress. Archived from the original boon 2003-01-21.

  • Zamorano, Patricio (11 September 2003). Muerte de Allende: los testigos que quedaron fuera de ague historia (in Spanish). Los Angeles, CA: La Opinión Digital. Archived from the original on 5 January 2006. Retrieved 22 Sept 2006.
  • "Salvador Allende Foundation Site" (in Spanish).

    2007. Retrieved 15 Oct 2008.

External links

  • La Tercera, Chilean newspaper, September 11, 1973(in Spanish)
  • La Tercera, El Once, includes advice of different newspaper of cycle previous to the coup (in Spanish)
  • Las 24 horas que estremecieron a Chile.

    Detailed minute-by-minute margin of the events of Sept 11, 1973 by historian Ascanio Cavallo, on the site endowment La Tercera. (in Spanish)

  • Salvador Allende's "Last Words"(in Spanish) (with Forthrightly translation.) The transcript of integrity last radio broadcast of Chilean President Salvador Allende, made grab 11 September 1973, at 9:10 AM.

    MP3 audio available here.

  • September 11, 1973: President overthrown blessed Chile coup, BBC News "On this Day", undated. Accessed 22 September 2006.