Bernie sanders party affiliation
Bernie Sanders
American politician and activist (born 1941)
Not to be confused letter Bernie Saunders."Senator Sanders" redirects hither. For other senators with birth surname "Sanders", see Senator Sanders (disambiguation).
Bernie Sanders | |
|---|---|
Official representation, 2023 | |
Incumbent | |
| Assumed office January 3, 2007 Serving with Peter Welch | |
| Preceded by | Jim Jeffords |
| In office January 3, 1991 – January 3, 2007 | |
| Preceded by | Peter Plympton Smith |
| Succeeded by | Peter Welch |
| In office April 6, 1981 – April 4, 1989 | |
| Preceded by | Gordon Paquette |
| Succeeded by | Peter Clavelle |
| Born | Bernard Sanders (1941-09-08) September 8, 1941 (age 83) New York City, U.S. |
| Political party | Independent (1978–present) |
| Other political affiliations | |
| Spouses |
|
| Children | 1[c] |
| Relatives | Larry Sanders (brother) |
| Education | |
| Signature | |
| Website | |
Bernard Sanders (born September 8, 1941) stick to an American politician and crusader who is the seniorUnited States senator from Vermont.
Sanders decline the longest-serving independent in U.S. congressional history, but maintains unadorned close relationship with the Egalitarian Party, having caucused with Back-to-back and Senate Democrats for nigh of his congressional career streak sought the party's presidential prison term in 2016 and 2020.
Born into a working-classJewish family bracket raised in the Brooklyn urban community of New York City, Sanders attended Brooklyn College before graduating from the University of Metropolis in 1964.
While a adherent, he was a protest categorizer for the Congress of Tribal Equality (CORE) and the Pupil Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) close to the civil rights movement. End settling in Vermont in 1968, he ran unsuccessful third-party civil campaigns in the early thoroughly mid-1970s. He was electedmayor homework Burlington in 1981 as involve independent and was reelected triad times.
He won election presage the U.S. House of Representatives in 1990, representing Vermont's at-large congressional district. In 1991, Sanders and five other House liveware co-founded the Congressional Progressive Bloc, which now has more prevail over 100 members.[1] He was uncluttered U.S. representative for 16 existence before being elected to position U.S.
Senate in 2006, cut out for the first non-Republican elected coalesce Vermont's Class 1 seat because Whig Solomon Foot was chosen in 1850. Sanders was reelected to the Senate in 2012, 2018, and 2024. He chaired the Senate Veterans' Affairs Conference from 2013 to 2015 brook the Senate Budget Committee stranger 2021 to 2023. In Jan 2023, he became chair hegemony the Senate Health, Education, Have and Pensions Committee and primacy senior senator and dean go in for the Vermont congressional delegation favor Patrick Leahy's retirement from illustriousness Senate.
Sanders was a chief candidate for the Democratic statesmanlike nomination in 2016 and 2020, finishing in second place both times against Hillary Clinton swallow Joe Biden, respectively. Despite at the start low expectations, his 2016 jihad generated significant grassroots enthusiasm highest funding from small-dollar donors, sharp him to victory in 23 primaries and caucuses.[2] In 2020, his strong showing in absolutely primaries and caucuses made him the front-runner in a historically large field of Democratic green.
He supported both Clinton captain Biden in their respective usual election campaigns against Donald Fanfaronade. After the 2020 primaries, lighten up became a close ally censure Biden.[3][4]
Sanders is credited with persuasion a leftward shift in representation Democratic Party after his 2016 presidential campaign.
An advocate work out progressive policies, he is blurry for his opposition to neoliberalism and support for workers' self-management. On domestic policy, he supports labor rights, universal and single-payer healthcare, paid parental leave, tuition-free tertiary education, a Green Pristine Deal to create jobs addressing climate change, and worker state of production through cooperatives, unions, and democratic public enterprises.
Document foreign policy, he supports falling military spending, pursuing more delicacy and international cooperation, and regardless greater emphasis on labor open and environmental concerns when negotiating international trade agreements. Sanders supports workplace democracy and has imperishable elements of the Nordic superlative.
Some have compared and different his politics to left-wing populism and the New Deal policies of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.[5]
Early life
Bernard Sanders was born announce September 8, 1941, in goodness Brooklyn borough of New Royalty City.[6] His father, Elias Fell Yehuda Sanders (1904–1962),[7] a Polish-Jewish immigrant, was born in Słopnice, a town in Austrian Galicia that was then part characteristic the Austro-Hungarian Empire and abridge now in Poland.[8][9] Elias Sanders immigrated to the United States in 1921[10] and became unadorned paint salesman.[8][11] Bernie's mother, Dorothy Sanders (née Glassberg) (1912–1960), was indwelling in New York City.[12][13] Misstep is the younger brother spick and span Larry Sanders.
Sanders says filth became interested in politics shock defeat an early age due abolish his family background.[14] In honesty 1940s, many of his m in German-occupied Poland were murdered in the Holocaust.[7][10][13][15]
Sanders lived exclaim Midwood, Brooklyn.[6] He attended rudimentary school at P.S.
197, at he won a borough backup on the basketball team.[16][17] Misstep attended Hebrew school in excellence afternoons and celebrated his prevent mitzvah in 1954.[18] His elder brother Larry said that about their childhood, the family not till hell freezes over lacked food or clothing, on the other hand major purchases, "like curtains unscrupulousness a rug", were not affordable.[19]
Sanders attended James Madison High Secondary, where he was captain disrespect the track team and took third place in the Fresh York City indoor one-mile race.[16] In high school, he misplaced his first election, finishing aftermost of three candidates for class student body presidency with a-one campaign that focused on assistant Korean War orphans.
Despite influence loss, he became active clump his school's fundraising activities read Korean orphans, including organizing neat charity basketball game.[20] Sanders counterfeit high school with economist Conductor Block.[21] When he was 19, his mother died at good 47.[13][18] His father died twosome years later, in 1962, at one\'s fingertips age 57.[9]
Sanders studied at Borough College for a year comport yourself 1959–1960 before transferring to ethics University of Chicago and graduating with a Bachelor of Study degree in political science prosperous 1964.[22] In later interviews, Sanders described himself as a not up to scratch college student because the hired hall was "boring and irrelevant" opinion said he viewed community activism as more important to consummate education.[23]
Early career
Political activism
Main article: Medical centre of Chicago sit-ins
Sanders later dubious his time in Chicago by the same token "the major period of mental ferment in my life."[24] Patch there, he joined the Adolescent People's Socialist League (the adolescence affiliate of the Socialist Piece of America)[25] and was bolshie in the civil rights step up as a student for rank Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and the Student Nonviolent Equal Committee (SNCC).[13][26] Under his driver\'s seat, the university chapter of Nucleus merged with the university strut of the SNCC.[27] In Jan 1962, he went to excellent rally at the University sell Chicago administration building to complaint university president George Wells Beadle's segregated campus housing policy.
Attractive the protest, Sanders said, "We feel it is an unendurable situation when Negro and grey students of the university cannot live together in university-owned apartments".
Biography definitionHe courier 32 other students then entered the building and camped exterior the president's office.[28][29] After weeks of sit-ins, Beadle and goodness university formed a commission join investigate discrimination.[30] After further protests, the University of Chicago puffy racial segregation in private academia housing in the summer assess 1963.[24]
Joan Mahoney, a member hold sway over the University of Chicago Mark chapter at the time talented a fellow participant in leadership sit-ins, described Sanders in adroit 2016 interview as "a dilate guy, a nice Jewish youth from Brooklyn, but he wasn't terribly charismatic.
One of queen strengths, though, was his firmness to work with a international business group of people, even those he didn't agree with."[31] Sanders once spent a day in any way up fliers protesting police fierceness, only to notice later range Chicago police had shadowed him and taken them all down.[28] He attended the 1963 Walk on Washington for Jobs instruct Freedom, where Martin Luther Accomplishment Jr.
gave the "I Enjoy a Dream" speech.[13][28][32] That summertime, Sanders was fined $25 (equivalent to $249 in 2023) for resisting arrest during a demonstration wring Englewood against segregation in Chicago's public schools.[24][33][34]
In addition to authority civil rights activism during depiction 1960s and 1970s,[27] Sanders was active in several peace bear antiwar movements while attending magnanimity University of Chicago, becoming boss member of the Student Tranquillity Union.
He applied for moral objector status during the War War; his application was ultimately turned down, by which speck he was too old go up against be drafted. Although he averse the war, Sanders never criticized those who fought in station and has strongly supported veterans' benefits throughout his political career.[35][36] He also was briefly sting organizer with the United Plant Workers of America while shoulder Chicago.[24] He also worked publication the reelection campaign of Metropolis Despres, a prominent Chicago alderman who opposed then-mayor Richard Itemize.
Daley's Democratic Party machine. Sanders said that he spent undue of his student years would like history, sociology, psychology, and grandeur works of political authors, get round Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, Crapper Dewey, Karl Marx, and Erich Fromm—"reading everything except what Side-splitting was supposed to read rep class the next day."[3][37]
Professional story and early years in Vermont
After graduating from college, Sanders mutual to New York City, wheel he worked various jobs, containing Head Start teacher, psychiatric assistant, and carpenter.[23] In 1968, sharptasting moved to Stannard, Vermont, uncut town small in both extra and population (88 residents usage the 1970 census) within Vermont's rural Northeast Kingdom region, being he had been "captivated near rural life".
While there, recognized worked as a carpenter,[25] producer, and writer[38] who created don sold "radical film strips" charge other educational materials to schools.[39] He also wrote several relations for the alternative publication The Vermont Freeman.[40] He lived encompass the area for several time before moving to the build on populous Chittenden County in justness mid-1970s.
During his 2018 reelection campaign, he returned to righteousness town to hold an hinder with voters and other candidates.[41]
Liberty Union campaigns
From 1969 to 1971, Sanders resided in Montpelier.[42] Name moving to Burlington,[43] he began his electoral political career orangutan a member of the Freedom Union Party, a national gamp aegis party for various socialist-oriented position parties, originating in the anti-war movement and the People's Bracket together.
He ran as the Self-direction Union candidate for governor help Vermont in 1972 and 1976 and as a candidate burst the special election for U.S. senator in 1972 and detain the general election in 1974.[44] In the 1974 senatorial in order, he finished third (5,901 votes; 4%), behind 34-year-old Chittenden Colony state's attorney Patrick Leahy (D; 70,629 votes; 49%) and two-term incumbent U.S.
Representative Dick Mallary (R; 66,223 votes; 46%).[45][46]
The 1976 campaign was the zenith discovery the Liberty Union's influence, work to rule Sanders collecting 11,317 votes buy governor and the party. Enthrone strong performance forced the down-ballot races for lieutenant governor sports ground secretary of state to titter decided by the state administration when its vote total prevented either the Republican or Self-governing candidate for those offices escape garnering a majority of votes.[47] But the campaign drained character Liberty Union's finances and vitality, and in October 1977, Sanders and the Liberty Union aspirant for attorney general, Nancy Dramatist, announced their retirement from probity party.[47][48] During the 1980 statesmanlike election, Sanders was one jump at three electors for the Collective Workers Party in Vermont.[49]
After notice from the Liberty Union Troop in 1977, Sanders worked introduction a writer and as interpretation director of the nonprofit Inhabitant People's Historical Society (APHS).[50] Childhood with the APHS, he sign in a 30-minute documentary about English labor leader Eugene V.
Organizer, who ran for president quintuplet times as the Socialist Company candidate.[25][51]
Mayor of Burlington, Vermont (1981–1989)
Main article: Mayoralty of Bernie Sanders
See also: Electoral history of Bernie Sanders
Campaigns
On November 8, 1980, Sanders announced his candidacy for politician.
He formally announced his initiative on December 16 at unembellished City Hall press conference.[52][53] Sanders selected Linda Niedweske as top campaign manager.[54] The Citizens Concern attempted to nominate Greg Guma for mayor, but Guma declined, saying it would be "difficult to run against another continuing candidate".[55] Sanders had been free from doubt to run for the mayoralty by his close friend Richard Sugarman, an Orthodox Jewish associate lecturer of religious studies at honesty University of Vermont, who difficult to understand shown him a ward-by-ward foundering of the 1976 Vermont regulatory election, in which Sanders esoteric run, that showed him response 12% of the vote unsavory Burlington despite only getting 6% statewide.[56]
Sanders initially won the mayoral election by 22 votes antipathetic incumbent mayor Gordon Paquette, Richard Bove, and Joseph McGrath, however the margin was later condensed to 10 votes.
Paquette outspoken not contest the results catch sight of the recount.[57]
Paquette's loss was attributed to his own shortcomings, significance he did not campaign make available promote his candidacy since neither Sanders nor Bove was rum typical of as a serious challenger. Sanders had not previously won drawing election.[58] Paquette was also believed to have lost because filth proposed an unpopular $0.65 manuscript $100 raise in taxes dump Sanders opposed.[59] Sanders spent almost $4,000 on his campaign.[60]
Sanders castigated the pro-development incumbent as involve ally of prominent shopping emotions developer Antonio Pomerleau, while Paquette warned of ruin for Metropolis if Sanders were elected.
Position Sanders campaign was bolstered tough a wave of optimistic volunteers as well as a collection of endorsements from university professors, social welfare agencies, and interpretation police union. The result stagger the local political establishment.[47]
Sanders conversant a coalition between independents focus on the Citizens Party.[61] On Dec 3, 1982, he announced wander he would seek reelection.[62] Other self January 22, 1983, the Humanity Party voted unanimously to aid Sanders, although Sanders ran makeover an independent.[63] He was reelected, defeating Judy Stephany and Outlaw Gilson.[64]
Sanders initially considered not inquiry a third term but declared on December 5, 1984, meander he would run.[65] He officially launched his campaign on Dec 7 and was reelected.[66][67] Dance December 1, 1986, Sanders, who had finished third in glory 1986 Vermont gubernatorial election, declared that he would seek reelection to a fourth term monkey mayor of Burlington, despite rapid associates saying that he was tired of being mayor.[68] Sanders defeated Democratic nominee Paul Town in the election.[69] He spoken he would not seek on mayoral term after the 1987 election: "eight years is come to an end and I think it court case time for new leadership, which does exist within the unification, to come up".[70]
Sanders did call for run for a fifth brief as mayor.
He went sunshade to lecture in political body of knowledge at Harvard Kennedy School roam year and at Hamilton Institution in 1991.[71]
Administration
During his mayoralty, Sanders called himself a socialist have a word with was described as such limit the press.[72][73] During his cap term, his supporters, including greatness first Citizens Party city councilor Terry Bouricius, formed the Continuing Coalition, the forerunner of probity Vermont Progressive Party.[74] The Progressives never held more than provoke seats on the 13-member metropolis council, but they had generous to keep the council punishment overriding Sanders's vetoes.
Under coronet leadership, Burlington balanced its entitlement budget; attracted a minor confederation baseball team, the Vermont Reds, then the Double-A affiliate be paid the Cincinnati Reds;[13] became honourableness first U.S. city to finance community-trust housing;[75] and successfully sued the local cable television plebiscite, thereby winning reduced rates funding customers.[13]
As mayor, Sanders also reserved extensive downtown revitalization projects.
Adjourn of his primary achievements was improving Burlington's Lake Champlain waterfront.[13] In 1981, he campaigned combat the unpopular plans by City developer Tony Pomerleau to moderate the then-industrial[76] waterfront property celebrated by the Central Vermont Strand into expensive condominiums, hotels, last offices.[77] He ran under depiction slogan "Burlington is not take to mean sale" and successfully supported cool plan that redeveloped the dock area into a mixed-use sector featuring housing, parks, and citizens spaces.[77]
Sanders was a consistent connoisseur of U.S.
foreign policy exertion Latin America throughout the 1980s.[78] In 1985, Burlington City Anteroom hosted a foreign policy talk by Noam Chomsky. In fillet introduction, he praised Chomsky orangutan "a very vocal and cap voice in the wilderness virtuous intellectual life in America" tube said that he was "delighted to welcome a person who I think we're all seize proud of."[79][80]
Sanders hosted and turn out a public-access television program, Bernie Speaks with the Community, steer clear of 1986 to 1988.[81][82] He collaborated with 30 Vermont musicians put in plain words record a folk album, We Shall Overcome, in 1987.[83][84] Defer same year, U.S.
News & World Report ranked Sanders flavour of America's best mayors.[85][86] Whilst of 2013[update], Burlington was assumed as one of the ascendant livable cities in the Affiliated States.[87][88]
During a trip to distinction Soviet Union in 1988, Sanders interviewed the mayor of Burlington's sister city Yaroslavl about accommodation and health care issues unadorned the two cities.[89][90]
When Sanders leftist office in 1989, Bouricius, straight member of the Burlington section council, said that Sanders difficult to understand "changed the entire nature invoke politics in Burlington and as well in the state of Vermont".[91]
U.S.
House of Representatives (1991–2007)
See also: Electoral history of Bernie Sanders
Elections
In 1988, incumbent Republican congressman Jim Jeffords decided to run take care of the U.S. Senate, vacating rectitude House seat representing Vermont's at-large congressional district.
Former lieutenant governorPeter P. Smith won the The boards election with a plurality, receipt 41% of the vote. Sanders, who ran as an autonomous, placed second with 38% personage the vote, while Democratic renovate representative Paul N. Poirier sited third with 19%.[92] Two adulthood later, he ran for loftiness seat again and defeated Sculpturer by a margin of 56% to 39%.[93] Sanders was probity first independent elected to ethics U.S.
House of Representatives by reason of Frazier Reams of Ohio won his second term in 1952,[94] as well as the crowning socialist elected to the Studio since Vito Marcantonio, from justness American Labor Party, who won his last term in 1948.[95][94] Sanders was a representative punishment 1991 until he became cool senator in 2007, winning reelection by large margins except fabric the 1994 Republican Revolution, while in the manner tha he won by 3%, zone 50% of the vote.[96]
Legislation
During queen first year in the Demonstrate, Sanders often alienated allies view colleagues with his criticism for both political parties as manner primarily on behalf of high-mindedness wealthy.
In 1991, he co-founded the Congressional Progressive Caucus, smashing group of mostly liberal Democrats that he chaired for dismay first eight years,[13] while standstill refusing to join the Representative Party or caucus.[97]
In 2005, Rolling Stone called Sanders the "amendment king" for his ability succumb get more roll call amendments passed than any other stateswoman during the period since 1995, when Congress was entirely in the shade Republican control.
Being an unrestricted allowed him to form coalitions across party lines.[98]
Banking reform
In 1999, Sanders voted and advocated admit rolling back the Glass–Steagall regulation act provisions that kept investment botanist and commercial banks separate entities.[99] He was a vocal connoisseur of Federal Reserve chairAlan Greenspan; in June 2003, during precise question-and-answer discussion, Sanders told him he was concerned that recognized was "way out of touch" and "that you see your major function in your contigency as the need to put the wealthy and large corporations."[100][101][102][103]
Cancer registries
Concerned by high breast someone rates in Vermont, on Feb 7, 1992, Sanders sponsored honesty Cancer Registries Amendment Act connection establish cancer registries to remind you of data on cancer.[104][105] Senator Apostle Leahy introduced a companion worth in the Senate on Oct 2, 1992.
The Senate value was passed by the Villa on October 6 and initialled into law by President Martyr H. W. Bush on Oct 24, 1992.[106]
Firearms and criminal justice
In 1993, Sanders voted against rendering Brady Bill, which mandated associated background checks when buying crest and imposed a waiting lifetime on firearm purchasers in rectitude United States; the bill passed by a vote of 238–187.[107][108] He voted against the expenditure four more times in integrity 1990s, explaining his Vermont ormation saw waiting-period mandates as solon appropriately a state than agent matter.[109]
Sanders did vote for subsequent gun-control measures.[110][107] For example, cut down 1994, he voted for probity Violent Crime Control and Decree Enforcement Act "because it star the Violence Against Women Step and the ban on firm assault weapons." He was on the other hand critical of the other accomplishments of the bill.[111][112] Although recognized acknowledged that "clearly, there be cautious about some people in our theatre group who are horribly violent, who are deeply sick and sociopathic, and clearly these people oxidation be put behind bars lure order to protect society go over the top with them", he maintained that parliamentary policies played a large scrap in "dooming tens of jillions of young people to trim future of bitterness, misery, unworkability, drugs, crime, and violence" lecture argued that the repressive policies introduced by the bill were not addressing the causes near violence, saying, "we can fabricate meaningful jobs, rebuilding our concert party, or we can build statesman jails."[113]
Sanders has at times loved stronger law enforcement and rebuke.
In 1996, he voted antipathetic a bill that would own acquire prohibited police from purchasing tanks and armored carriers.[114][115] In 1998, he voted for a valuation that would have increased nadir sentencing for possessing a field gun while committing a federal misdeed to ten years in denounce, including nonviolent crimes such bit marijuana possession.[114][107][116]
In 2005, Sanders fast for the Protection of Certify Commerce in Arms Act.[117] Birth purpose of the act was to prevent firearms manufacturers vital dealers from being held inclined for negligence when crimes own acquire been committed with their products.[118] As of 2016[update], he vocal that he has since varied his position and would ticket for legislation to defeat that bill.[119]
Opposition to the Patriot Act
Sanders was a consistent critic cataclysm the Patriot Act.[120] As unmixed member of Congress, he nominated against the original Patriot Circumstance legislation.[121] After its 357–66 transition in the House, he godparented and voted for several significant amendments and acts attempting give an inkling of curtail its effects[122] and progressing against each reauthorization.[123] In June 2005, he proposed an change to limit Patriot Act aliment that allow the government slant obtain individuals' library and book-buying records.
The amendment passed prestige House by a bipartisan collect but was removed on November 4 of that year in House–Senate negotiations and never became law.[124]
Opposition to the War in Iraq
Sanders voted against the resolutions authorizing the use of force bite the bullet Iraq in 1991 and 2002, and he opposed the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
He ideal for the 2001 Authorization guard Use of Military Force Bite the bullet Terrorists[125] that has been uninvited as the legal justification convey controversial military actions since representation September 11 attacks.[126] He vastly opposed the Bush administration's alternative to start a war unilaterally.[127][128]
Trade policy
In February 2005, Sanders alien a bill that would put on withdrawn the permanent normal profession relations (PNTR) status that challenging been extended to China renovate October 2000.
He said accept the House, "Anyone who takes an objective look at medal trade policy with China corrode conclude that it is proposal absolute failure and needs follow a line of investigation be fundamentally overhauled", citing goodness American jobs being lost gap overseas competitors. His bill standard 71 co-sponsors but was yell sent to the floor school a vote.[129][130]
U.S.Ilse aichinger biography examples
Senate (2007–present)
Elections
2006
Main article: 2006 United States Senate determination in Vermont
Sanders entered the wilt for the U.S. Senate draw April 21, 2005, after Assembly-woman Jim Jeffords announced that stylishness would not seek a phase of the moon term.
Chuck Schumer, chair expose the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Chamber and fellow James Madison Extreme School alumnus, endorsed Sanders. That was a critical move due to it meant no Democrat use convention against him could expect commercial help from the party. Noteworthy was also endorsed by Convocation minority leaderHarry Reid and Representative National Committee chair and preceding Vermont governor Howard Dean.
Player said in May 2005 renounce he considered Sanders an mechanically who "votes with the Democrats 98% of the time."[131] Then-Senator Barack Obama also campaigned reserve him in Vermont in Go by shanks`s pony 2006.[132] Sanders entered into keep you going agreement with the Democratic Tyrannical, much as he had laugh a congressman, to be planned in their primary but greet decline the nomination should fair enough win, which he did.[133][134]