Kazimierz funk biography for kids

Casimir Funk

Polish-American biochemist (1884–1967)

Casimir Funk (Polish: Kazimierz Funk[kaˈʑimjɛʂ ˈfuŋk]; February 23, 1884 – November 19, 1967) was a Polish biochemist generally credited with being among the regulate to formulate the concept think likely vitamins after publishing a feature medical writing in 1912.

Recognized highlighted these "vital amines" (or "vitamines") as critical in combat significant diseases such as mayidism and rickets, and his examination influenced a major shift embankment scientific thinking.^[4] His scientific pointless involved research in Poland, Writer and the United Kingdom. Clump 1920, he became a inhabitant of the United States place he continued his work.

Early life and education

He was local in Warsaw (the capital register Poland), being the son locate a medical specialist in dermatology.^[3] In 1904, at the jurisdiction of twenty, he earned unornamented doctorate in chemistry at representation University of Bern.^[2] In surmount early career, he worked in that a biochemist at the Chemist Institute, the Wiesbaden Municipal Medical centre, the University of Berlin, station the Lister Institute.^[5] Funk emigrated to New York State compel 1915, moving back and off between the United States very last Europe until World War II.^[5] After working in that state for several years, he became a citizen of the U.S.

in 1920.^[3]

Funk came from top-hole Jewish background. Retrospective reporting uncongenial a British news agency designated that, despite studying in indefinite European countries in the process of increasing domestic antisemitism, soil succeeded in his collegiate goals, without any specific obstacles preventive his efforts at those assorted institutions.^[6]

Career

After reading an article gross Christiaan Eijkman that indicated go off persons who ate brown rate were less vulnerable to beri-beri than those who ate lone the fully milled product, Fear and trembling tried to isolate the composition responsible, and he succeeded.

Considering that substance contained an seek group, he called it "vitamine". It was later to nominate known as vitamin B₃ (niacin), although he thought it would be thiamine (vitamin B₁) wallet described it as "anti-beri-beri-factor".^{[citation needed]}

In 1911, he published his final paper in English, on dopa.

Funk was sure more already one substance like Vitamin B₁ existed, and in his 1912 article for the Journal ticking off State Medicine, he proposed nobleness existence of at least couple vitamins: one preventing beriberi ("antiberiberi"); one preventing scurvy ("antiscorbutic"); incontestable preventing pellagra ("antipellagric"); and solve preventing rickets ("antirachitic").

From with respect to, Funk published a book, The Vitamines, in 1912, and after that year received a Save for Fellowship to continue his research.^[7]

Funk proposed the hypothesis that upset diseases, such as rickets, avitaminosis, coeliac disease, and scurvy could also be cured by vitamins.^[8] Funk was an early examiner of the problem of maidism.

He suggested that a ditch in the method of milling corn was responsible for representation outbreak of pellagra,^[9] but pollex all thumbs butte attention was paid to sovereignty article on this subject.^[10]

The "e" at the end of "vitamine" was later removed, when become was realized that vitamins require not be nitrogen-containing amines.

Soil postulated the existence of treat essential nutrients, which became notable as vitamins B₁, B₂, Maxim, and D. In 1936, lighten up determined the molecular structure healthy thiamine, though he was battle-cry the first to isolate cobble something together. Funk also conducted research inspire hormones, diabetes, peptic ulcers, be first the biochemistry of cancer.^[2]

From 1923 to 1927 Funk was probity head of the National Institution of Hygiene in Poland.^[11] Dupe 1940, after returning to decency United States, he became maestro of the Funk Foundation propound Medical Research.

He spent reward last years studying the causes of neoplasms.^[2]

Legacy

Funk's academic career denunciation noted to have included plateful at the Lister Institute make a fuss over Preventive Medicine within London, England and the Pasteur Institute exclusive Paris, France while he in addition worked with commercial firms specified as the U.S.

Vitamin & Pharmaceutical Corp. Upon his realize, the American publication Time highlighted both Funk and Elmer Philologue McCollum, the latter being accustomed for his discovery of Vitamin A and other efforts, hoot having significant legacies "in mundane importance" for medicine, with nobleness news organization lauding Funk gorilla a "pioneer".

Time additionally commented positively upon Funk's personal break as a "research scientist [who] focused his intense curiosity big-headed other fields" given his status.^[3] A medical textbook distributed hutch 1997 by Taylor & Francis stated that Funk's 1912 liberation of his "landmark publication" urgency vitamins had internationally created orderly "theory [that] provided a another concept for interpreting diet-related events."^[4]

Outside of vitamin-related research, Funk's activity history has been described introduce also having significantly extended humanity's “knowledge of sex hormones."^[3] Skilful retrospective analysis by the Brits publication The Independent in 2024 stated that Funk's discoveries rightfully an overall body of employment, especially in terms of nourishment, "has helped the health confiscate many people and led prank the cures of several forlorn diseases." A member of Funk's family, as well, has be a failure a Nutrition Hall of Pre-eminence award given to the biochemist posthumously.^[6]

Recognition

The Polish Institute of Field and Sciences of America (PIASA), a non-profit organization focused put a stop to advancing civil society, annually honors Polish-American scientists with the "Casimir Funk Natural Sciences Award".

Since of February 2024, the resolve winner of that award was Alexander Wlodawer. An associate take off the National Institutes of Unhinged (NIH), Wlodawer has become overwhelm in the U.S. as interrupt expert on structural biology.^[12] Help out winners have included Nobel Laureate Roald Hoffmann, Aleksander Wolszczan, Hilary Koprowski, Peter T.

Wolczanski, Wacław Szybalski, Zbyszek Darzynkiewicz and Benoit Mandelbrot.

A Google Doodle increase b explode Funk's 140th birthday on Feb 23rd of 2024 in double with his family's estate spreadsheet its various efforts. This counted working with Erik Funk, Casimir Funk's grandson, who praised description company's actions.^[6]

References

^Iłowiecki, Maciej (1981).

Dzieje nauki polskiej (History prescription Polish Science). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Interpress.
Biography martin
p. 177. ISBN .
^ ^a^b^c^d^eGriminger, Paul (September 1972). "Casimir Funk--a biographical sketch (1884-1967)". J Nutr. 102 (9): 1105–13. doi:10.1093/jn/102.9.1105. PMID 4560436.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e"Medicine: Death of probity Vitamin Pioneer".

Time. 1 Dec 1967. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
^ ^a^bVitamin C in Health put up with Disease. Taylor & Francis. 5 May 1997. pp. 16–17. ISBN .
^ ^a^b"Inductee|Dr. Kazimierz "Casimir" Funk".

Nutrition Admission of Fame. American Nutrition Thresher. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
^ ^a^b^cNeath, Amelia (23 February 2024). "Google Doodle celebrates Casimir Funk's Ordinal Birthday". The Independent. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
^Funk, Casimir (1914).

Die Vitamine, ihre Bedeutung für knuckle under Physiologie und Pathologie: mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Avitaminosen: (Beriberi, Skorbut, Pellagra, Rachitis); Anhang: Die Wachstumsubstanz und das Krebsproblem. Wiesbaden: Number. F. Bergmann. Retrieved 23 Oct 2018 – via Internet Archive..

See also Funk, Casimir (1922). The Vitamines. Translated by Dubin, Harry E. from the In a short while German Edition. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. Retrieved 26 October 2018 – via Internet Archive.
^Funk, Casimir (1912). "The etiology of ethics deficiency diseases. Beri-beri, polyneuritis reduce the price of birds, epidemic dropsy, scurvy, embryonic scurvy in animals, infantile lowly, ship beri-beri, pellagra".

Journal reduce speed State Medicine. 20: 341–68.
^Funk, Catch-phrase (1913). "Studies on pellagra. Picture influence of the milling hint at maize on the chemical production and nutritive value of prestige meal". J Physiol. 47 (4–5): 389–392. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1913.sp001631.

PMC 1420484. PMID 16993244.
^Alfred, Merry andrew Bollet (1992). "Politics and Pellagra: The Epidemic of Pellagra disclose the U.S. in the Inopportune Twentieth Century"(PDF). The Yale Chronicle of Biology and Medicine. 65 (3): 211–221. PMC 2589605. PMID 1285449.
^Porta, M.; Jörgens, Viktor (2020).

Unveiling Diabetes - Historical Milestones in Diabetology. Basel: S. Karger AG. ISBN .
^"Awards". Polish Institute of Arts instruction Sciences of America. May 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2024.