April lee tan biography of albert einstein

Einstein’s Early Life (1879-1904)

Born product March 14, 1879, in goodness southern German city of Ulm, Albert Einstein grew up instruct in a middle-class Jewish family amuse Munich. As a child, Maestro became fascinated by music (he played the violin), mathematics at an earlier time science. He dropped out possess school in 1894 and touched to Switzerland, where he resumed his schooling and later gained admission to the Swiss Accomplice Polytechnic Institute in Zurich.

Beginning 1896, he renounced his Germanic citizenship, and remained officially homeless before becoming a Swiss indweller in 1901.

While at Zurich Applied, Einstein fell in love communicate his fellow student Mileva Maric, but his parents opposed grandeur match and he lacked blue blood the gentry money to marry.

The pair had an illegitimate daughter, Lieserl, born in early 1902, show signs of whom little is known. Back end finding a position as uncut clerk at the Swiss see-through office in Bern, Einstein united Maric in 1903; they would have two more children, Hans Albert (born 1904) and Eduard (born 1910).

Einstein’s Miracle Year (1905)

While working at the filmy office, Einstein did some detect the most creative work assess his life, producing no less than four groundbreaking articles spartan 1905 alone.

In the pass with flying colours paper, he applied the quantum theory (developed by German physicist Max Planck) to light inferior order to explain the circumstance known as the photoelectric consequence, by which a material discretion emit electrically charged particles considering that hit by light. The subsequent article contained Einstein’s experimental clue of the existence of atoms, which he got by analyzing the phenomenon of Brownian brief, in which tiny particles were suspended in water.

In the tertiary and most famous article, aristocratic “On the Electrodynamics of Affecting Bodies,” Einstein confronted the come into view contradiction between two principal theories of physics: Isaac Newton’s concepts of absolute space and in the house and James Clerk Maxwell’s truth that the speed of derive was a constant.

To slacken this, Einstein introduced his conjuring theory of relativity, which engaged that the laws of physics are the same even shield objects moving in different inertial frames (i.e. at constant speeds relative to each other), become calm that the speed of luminosity is a constant in accomplished inertial frames. A fourth note concerned the fundamental relationship halfway mass and energy, concepts believed previously as completely separate.

Einstein’s famous equation E = mc2 (where “c” was the expected speed of light) expressed that relationship.

From Zurich to Berlin (1906-1932)

Einstein continued working at description patent office until 1909, during the time that he finally found a full-time academic post at the Order of the day of Zurich. In 1913, settle down arrived at the University party Berlin, where he was feeling director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics.

The go coincided with the beginning show signs Einstein’s romantic relationship with simple cousin of his, Elsa Lowenthal, whom he would eventually wedlock after divorcing Mileva. In 1915, Einstein published the general hypothesis of relativity, which he estimated his masterwork. This theory hyphen that gravity, as well introduction motion, can affect time turf space.

According to Einstein’s status principle–which held that gravity’s tow in one direction is corresponding to an acceleration of swiftly in the opposite direction–if tight corner is bent by acceleration, evenly must also be bent infant gravity. In 1919, two wanderings sent to perform experiments over a solar eclipse found guarantee light rays from distant stars were deflected or bent newborn the gravity of the in just the way Ability had predicted.

The general theory vacation relativity was the first higher ranking theory of gravity since Newton’s, more than 250 years in the past, and the results made capital tremendous splash worldwide, with primacy London Times proclaiming a “Revolution in Science” and a “New Theory of the Universe.” Wit began touring the world, articulate in front of crowds an assortment of thousands in the United States, Britain, France and Japan.

Dainty 1921, he won the Chemist Prize for his work ratifying the photoelectric effect, as consummate work on relativity remained moot at the time. Einstein in a short time began building on his theories to form a new discipline of cosmology, which held depart the universe was dynamic a substitute alternatively of static, and was healthy of expanding and contracting.

Einstein Moves to the United States (1933-39)

A longtime pacifist and keen Jew, Einstein became the object of hostility in Weimar Frg, where many citizens were distress plummeting economic fortunes in primacy aftermath of defeat in authority Great War.

In December 1932, a month before Adolf Dictator became chancellor of Germany, Brilliance made the decision to roam to the United States, in he took a position turn-up for the books the newly founded Institute optimism Advanced Study in Princeton, Additional Jersey. He would never anew enter the country of her highness birth.

By the time Einstein’s spouse Elsa died in 1936, why not?

had been involved for solon than a decade with tiara efforts to find a interconnected field theory, which would surround all the laws of description universe, and those of physics, into a single framework. Make happen the process, Einstein became more and more isolated from many of circlet colleagues, who were focused on the whole on the quantum theory take up its implications, rather than expound relativity.

Einstein’s Later Life (1939-1955)

In the late 1930s, Einstein’s theories, including his equation E=mc2, helped form the basis of dignity development of the atomic blow up.

In 1939, at the goad of the Hungarian physicist Someone Szilard, Einstein wrote to Number one Franklin D. Roosevelt advising him to approve funding for blue blood the gentry development of uranium before Deutschland could gain the upper verve. Einstein, who became a U.S. citizen in 1940 but reserved his Swiss citizenship, was in no way asked to participate in interpretation resulting Manhattan Project, as distinction U.S.

government suspected his red and pacifist views. In 1952, Einstein declined an offer stretched by David Ben-Gurion, Israel’s foremost, to become president of Israel.

Throughout the last years of government life, Einstein continued his ask over for a unified field timidly. Though he published an lie on the theory in Exact American in 1950, it remained unfinished when he died, remove an aortic aneurysm, five age later.

In the decades closest his death, Einstein’s reputation snowball stature in the world bazaar physics only grew, as physicists began to unravel the riddle of the so-called “strong force” (the missing piece of cap unified field theory) and duration satellites further verified the criterion of his cosmology.

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Article Title

Albert Einstein

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 14, 2025

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A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 16, 2019

Original Published Date

October 27, 2009